University College Dublin (UCD) combines the excitement of living in Dublin with the convenience and space of studying at a vibrant suburban campus only 3 miles from the city center. With over 26,000 students, UCD is the largest university in Ireland, with the most international student body. University College Dublin has its origins in the mid-nineteenth century under the leadership of the renowned educationalist John Henry Cardinal Newman.
Latin: Universitate Hiberniae Nationali apud Dublinum | |
Motto | Ad Astra (Latin) |
---|---|
Motto in English | To the stars |
Type | Public university |
Established | 1854 |
President | Andrew J. Deeks |
Registrar | Mark Rogers |
1,484 FTEs [1] | |
Administrative staff | 1,686 FTEs [1] |
Students | 32,900 (2014/2015) [1] |
Undergraduates | 16,388 (2013/2014)[1] based on Irish campuses |
Postgraduates | 8,035 (2013/2014)[1] based on Irish campuses |
Location | , |
Campus | Urban, 133 hectares (330 acres) |
Language | English, Irish, others |
Colours | |
Affiliations | AMBA EUA NUI IUA Universitas 21 UI CESAER |
Website | www.ucd.ie |
University College Dublin (commonly referred to as UCD; Irish: Coláiste na hOllscoile, Baile Átha Cliath) is a research university in Dublin, Ireland. It has over 1,482 faculty and 32,000 students,[2] and it is Ireland's largest[clarification needed] university. Rooted in Roman Catholicism, UCD originates in a body founded in 1854, which opened as the Catholic University of Ireland on the Feast of Saint Malachy and with John Henry Newman as its first rector; it re-formed in 1880 and chartered in its own right in 1908. The Universities Act, 1997 renamed the constituent university as the 'National University of Ireland, Dublin', and a ministerial order of 1998 renamed the institution as 'University College Dublin - National University of Ireland, Dublin'.[3]
Originally in locations across Dublin city, all faculties have since relocated to a 133-hectare (330-acre)[2] campus at Belfield, four kilometres to the south of the city centre.
The 2019 QS World University Rankings rates UCD as the second highest ranked irish university.[4]
A report published in May 2015 showed the economic output generated by UCD and its students in Ireland amounted to €1.3 billion annually.[5] UCD is frequently ranked among the top universities in Europe.[6] Five Nobel Laureates are among UCD's alumni and current and former staff.[7][additional citation(s) needed]
- 1History
- 2Academic
- 3Reputation
- 3.2Alumni
- 4Research and innovation
- 5Student life
- 5.5Student publications and media
- 5.5.1Newspapers
- 5.5Student publications and media
- 7UCD in popular culture
History[edit]
UCD can trace its history to the institution founded in 1854 as the Catholic University of Ireland, was established as UCD in 1880 under the auspices of the Royal University of Ireland, and received its charter in 1908.
Catholic University of Ireland[edit]
After the Catholic Emancipation period of Irish history, a movement led by Paul Cullen, Archbishop of Armagh (and, later, Archbishop of Dublin, then created a Cardinal) attempted to provide for the first time in Ireland higher-level education both accessible to followesr of Roman Catholicism and taught by such people. In the 19th century, the question of denominational education in Ireland was a contentious one. For many years it had divided Daniel O'Connell and the Young Ireland Movement. The Catholic Hierarchy demanded a Catholic alternative to the University of Dublin's Trinity College (Ireland's ancient university, located on the east coast), whose Anglican origins the Hierarchy refused to overlook. The Hierarchy also wanted to counteract the 'Godless Colleges' of the Queen's University of Ireland - established in the cities of Galway (on the west coast), Belfast (to the north-east of the country) and Cork (on the south coast). The University of Dublin had since the 1780s admitted Catholics to study; a religious test, however, hindered the efforts of Catholics in their desire to obtain membership of the University's governing bodies (see Denis Caulfield Heron). Thus, in 1850 at the Synod of Thurles, it was decided to open in Dublin - especially for Catholics - a rival institution to that city's University.
As a result of these efforts, a new 'Catholic University of Ireland' opened in 1854, with John Henry Newman appointed as its first rector. Newman had been an integral figure in the Oxford Movement in the 19th century. The Catholic University opened its doors on the feast of St Malachy, 3 November 1854. On that day the names of seventeen students were entered on the register and Newman gave the students an address 'What are we here for' and prophesied that in later years they would look back with pride on the day. The Catholic University opened with three houses: 86 St Stephen's Green, which was known as St Patrick's or University House, under the care of The Rev. Michael Flannery; 16 Harcourt Street, known as St Lawrence's under the care of The Rev. James Quinn, who also had his school there; and Newman's own house, 6 Harcourt Street, known as St Mary's under Newman's personal supervision.
To prepare students for entry to the new Catholic University, a feeder school under the guidance of Bartholomew Woodlock and Cardinal Newman, referred to as the Catholic University School, was established. Among the first students enrolled were the grandson of Daniel O'Connell.[citation needed] Another included William O'Shea who would go on to become a Captain in the British Army and was central to the divorce crises which brought down Charles Stewart Parnell's career in trying to establish Home Rule for Ireland.[citation needed] O'Shea, however, clashed with Newman and found the Catholic University insufficiently inspiring, so departed after one year to instead attend Trinity. Of the eight original students in Newman's own home, two were Irish, two English, two Scottish and two French. Among them were a French viscount, and Irish baronet Sir Reginald Barnewall, the son of a French countess, the grandson of a Scottish marquis, and the son of an English lord. Later were added to his care two Belgian princes and a Polish count.[citation needed] Many were attracted to the Catholic University on the basis of the reputation of Newman.
As a private university, the Catholic University was never given a royal charter, and so was unable to award recognized degrees and suffered from chronic financial difficulties. Newman left the university in 1857, after which the school went into a serious decline. Bartholomew Woodlock was appointed Rector and served until he became Bishop of Ardagh and Clonmacnoise in 1879. In this period he attempted to secure a site of 34 acres at Clonliffe West but the scheme collapsed when expansion of the railway system on the north side of Dublin cut across the site. He then turned his attention to expanding along St Stephen's Green and over these years bought from No. 82 to 87.
The decline was halted in 1880 with the establishment of the Royal University of Ireland. The Royal Universities charter entitled all Irish students to sit the Universities examinations and receive its degrees. Although in many respects the Catholic University can be viewed as a failure, UCD would inherit substantial assets from it including a successful medical school (Cecilia Street) and two beautiful buildings, Newman House on St Stephen's Green and the adjoining University Church.[8]
Foundation of University College Dublin[edit]
To avail of the benefits of the Royal University of Ireland arrangement, the Catholic University was re-formed as UCD. The college rapidly attracted many of the best students and academics in Ireland including Fr.Gerard Manley Hopkins and James Joyce and quickly began to outperform the other three colleges in the Royal University system - in the fifteen years before the establishment of the National University the number of first class distinctions in Arts awarded by the Royal University to University College was 702 compared with a total of 486 awarded to the combined Queen's Colleges of Belfast, Galway and Cork. Many of the college’s staff and students during this period would later contribute substantially to the formation and development of the future Irish state, the most famous being Francis Sheehy-Skeffington, Patrick Pearse, Hugh Kennedy, Eoin MacNeill, Kevin O'Higgins, Tom Kettle, James Ryan, Douglas Hyde and John A. Costello. Student unrest occurred during this period, especially during loyalist speeches by the Chancellor, The 12th Earl of Meath, and the playing of 'God Save the King' at conferring ceremonies.
In 1908, the Royal University was dissolved and a new National University of Ireland founded to replace it. This new University was brought into existence with three constituent University Colleges - Dublin, Galway and Cork. By this time the college campus consisted of a number of locations in and around St Stephens Green in Dublin's city centre, the main sites being Earlsfort Terrace, Cecilia Street, College of Science Merrion Street, and Newman House on St Stephen's Green. Following the establishment of the NUI, D. J. Coffey, Professor of Physiology, Catholic University Medical School, became the first president of UCD.Under the Universities Act, 1997, University College Dublin was established as a constituent university within the National University of Ireland framework.
UCD and the Irish War of Independence[edit]
UCD Decade of Centenaries website celebrates 100 years since the steps towards independence gathered momentum, in which many staff, students and graduates of University College Dublin played a pivotal role in the discourse and actions that took place. UCD is a major holder of archives of national and international significance relating to the period.[9]
In 1913 in response to the formation of the Ulster Volunteers, Eoin MacNeill, professor of early Irish history (who viewed the movement as a threat to the Home Rule movement), called for the formation of an Irish nationalist force to counteract it. The Irish Volunteers were formed later that year and MacNeill was elected its Chief-of-staff. At the outbreak of World War I in view of the Home Rule Act 1914 and the political perception that it might not be implemented [the Act was suspended for the duration of the war] the leader of the Home Rule Party, John Redmond, urged the Irish Volunteers to support the British war effort as a way of supporting Irish Home Rule. This effort on behalf of Home Rule included many UCD staff and students. Many of those who opposed this move later participated in the Easter Rising.
In this way UCD was a reflection of the Irish nationalist community in general, with several staff and students participating in the rising, such as Patrick Pearse, Thomas MacDonagh, Michael Hayes and James Ryan, and a smaller number, including Tom Kettle and Willie Redmond, fighting for the British in World War I during the same period.
Many UCD staff, students and alumni fought in the Irish War of Independence that followed the rising. Following the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty four UCD graduates joined the government of the Irish Free State.
UCD graduates have since had a large impact on Irish political life - three of the nine Presidents of Ireland and six of the fourteen Taoisigh have been either former staff or graduates.
Move to Belfield[edit]
By the early 1940s, the College had become the largest third level institution in the state. In an effort to cope with the increased numbers unsuccessful attempts were made to expand the existing city centre campus. It was finally decided that the best solution would be to move the College to a much larger greenfield site outside of the city centre and create a modern campus university. This move started in the early 1960s when the faculty of science moved to the new 1.4 square kilometres (350 acres) park campus at Belfield in a suburb on the south side of Dublin. The Belfield campus has since developed into a complex of modern buildings and inherited Georgian town houses, accommodating the colleges of the University as well as its student residences and many leisure and sporting facilities.
One of UCD's previous locations, the Royal College of Science on Merrion Street is now the location of the renovated Irish Government Building, where the Department of the Taoiseach (Irish prime minister) is situated. University College Dublin had also a site in Glasnevin for much of the last century, the Albert Agricultural College, the southern part of which is now occupied by Dublin City University, the northern part is where Ballymun town is located.[10]
Architecture[edit]
The new campus was largely designed by A&D Wejchert & Partners Architects and includes several notable structures, including the UCD Water Tower which was built in 1972 by John Paul Construction. The Tower won the 1979 Irish Concrete Society Award.[11] It stands 60 metres high with a dodecahedron tank atop a pentagonal pillar.[12][13] The Tower is part of the UCD Environmental Research Station.[14][15]
Timeline[edit]
- 1854 - The Catholic University of Ireland opens with Blessed John Henry Newman as the first rector. It is located on St Stephen's Green.
- 1855 - The Catholic University Medical School was opened in 1855 in Cecilia Street.
- 1856 - University Church was opened in 1856. Apart from religious services it was used also for public university functions and occasions such as the opening of academic sessions and the making of awards.
- 1861 - Bartholomew Woodlock appointed Rector and served until he became Bishop of Ardagh and Clonmacnoise in 1879.
- 1879 - Henry Neville, Dean of Cork appointed Rector (while still retaining his role as Parish Priest in a Cork parish).
- 1880 - The University Education (Ireland) Act 1879 brought in by Disraeli's government led to the establishment of the Royal University of Ireland (incorporated by charter in 1880) which was a non-teaching, degree-awarding institution.
- 1882/83 - The Catholic University reorganized in order to avail of the indirect endowment from the state through the Royal University of Ireland. The St Stephen's Green institution was renamed University College and its management was transferred to the Jesuits.
- 1883-1888 - Fr William Delany SJ appointed first president of University College.
- 1908 - Irish Universities Act brought into being the National University of Ireland with its constituent University Colleges - Dublin, Galway and Cork, and led to the demise of the Royal University and the Jesuit-run University College. Dr Denis Coffey appointed first president of reformed UCD. Coffey was to hold the position for 30 years. The Medical School in Cecilia Street became the UCD Medical Faculty. The campus covers, Earlsfort Terrace, Cecilia Street, College of Science Merrion Street, Albert College Glasnevin and St Stephen's Green.
- 1908 - The Faculty of Commerce established.
- 1911 - Land donated by Lord Iveagh helps the university expand in Earlsfort Terrace/Hatch Street/ St Stephen's Green. Iveagh Gardens are a part of this donation.
- 1913 - University Park, Terenure became the base of UCD sports clubs between 1913 and 1934 - although the landlord would not sell the site to UCD.
- 1916 - A number of junior staff and students participated in the Easter Rising.
- 1926- University Education (Agriculture and Dairy Science) Act transferred the Royal College of Science in Merrion Street and Albert Agricultural College in Glasnevin to UCD.
- 1933 - Belfield House on 44 acres is bought for sporting purposes.
- 1940 - Arthur Conway appointed president. During this period various plans were developed but failed to succeed to expand along Iveagh Gardens, Hatch Street and Earlsfort Terrace.
- 1964 - Jeremiah Hogan appointed president (1964–1972). Under the leadership of Thomas E. Nevin the science faculty moves into new campus at Belfield. UCD becomes the first University in Europe to launch an MBA programme.
- 1967 - Minister for Education, Donogh O'Malley, proposes plan to merge UCD and Trinity.
- 1969-1970 - Faculties of Commerce, Arts and Law move to Belfield.
- 1972 - Thomas Murphy appointed president (1972–1985).
- 1973 - The Library (Now known as the James Joyce Library) opens.
- 1980 - Richview and 17.4 acres bought. Architecture moves in there.
- 1981 - Sports Complex opens.
- 1986 - Patrick Masterson appointed president. (1986–1993)
- 1990s - In the 1990s, some of the students of Women's Studies petitioned to rename their Gender Studies building after Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington in order to honor her contribution to women's rights and equal access to third level education. Her husband Francis Sheehy-Skeffington was himself an alumnus of the university and Hanna of the Royal University, a sister university of UCD. Their campaign was successful and the building was renamed the Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington Building.
- 1990 - Engineering building opens. Most, but not all of the Earlsfort terrace, Engineering department moves to Belfield.
- 1990 - Carysfort College, Blackrock on 19 acres bought and is the location of the Smurfit Graduate School of Business. First student village (Belgrove) opened.
- 1992 - Second student village (Merville) opened. The Centre for Film Studies established.
- 1993 - Art Cosgrove appointed president (1994–2003).
- 1994 - O'Reilly Hall opened.
- 2003 - NovaUCD, a 110 million Euro Innovation and Technology Transfer Centre opened. The purpose-built centre was funded by a public/private partnership. UCD purchased the Philips site and buildings adjacent to the Belfield campus at Clonskeagh, to facilitate the relocation of the Departments of Civil and Agricultural & Food Engineering from Earlsfort Terrace, bringing more of the remaining off campus elements of the University to Belfield.
- 2004 - Hugh Brady appointed president. UCD celebrates 150th Anniversary.
- 2006 - UCD Horizons begins.
- 2007 - With the completion of the final phase of the Health Sciences Building, the last of the departments remaining at Earlsfort terrace relocate to Belfield.
- 2009 - Innovation Alliance announced between Trinity and UCD.
- 2010 - NCAD and UCD forge stronger links. The two institutions will form an academic alliance with new joint courses and research across common areas of interest. NCAD will become a recognised college of UCD. NCAD will remain on its current site and retaining institutional autonomy.
- 2012 - Expanded Student and Sports Centre opened containing an Olympic Swimming pool, cinema and a new gym.
- 2012 - UCD became embroiled in controversy over its sudden closure and destruction of the athletics track and field facilities beside Belfield House less than a day later. The track had been funded and built using private funding.[16]
- 2013 - UCD O'Brien Centre for Science opened replacing much of the 1960s science infrastructure.[17] UCD Sutherland School of Law opened to replace Roebuck Castle for the Law faculty at the South-Western end of the campus.
- 2014 - Andrew J. Deeks appointed President, the first Australian to hold the highest office in an Irish university.
- 2015 - UCD opens global centre in US to enable UCD pursue its new global engagement strategy which aims to place the university in the top ten in the world for global engagement[18]
Academic[edit]
Colleges and schools[edit]
UCD consists of six colleges, their associated schools (37 in total)[19] and multiple research institutes and centres.[20] Each college also has its own Graduate School, for postgraduates.
List of colleges and their respective schools following restructuring in September 2015[21]
- UCD College of Arts and Humanities
- UCD School of Art History and Cultural Policy
- UCD School of Classics
- UCD School of English, Drama and Film
- UCD School of History
- UCD School of Irish, Celtic Studies and Folklore
- UCD School of Languages, Cultures and Linguistics
- UCD School of Music
- UCD College of Business
- UCD School of Business
- UCD Lochlann Quinn School of Business
- UCD Michael Smurfit Graduate School of Business
- UCD College of Engineering and Architecture
- UCD School of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Policy
- UCD School of Biosystems and Food Engineering
- UCD School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering
- UCD School of Civil Engineering
- UCD School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- UCD School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
- UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science
- UCD School of Medicine
- UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine
- UCD College of Social Sciences and Law
- UCD School of Archaeology
- UCD School of Economics
- UCD School of Education
- UCD School of Geography
- UCD School of Information and Communication Studies
- UCD School of Law
- UCD School of Philosophy
- UCD School of Politics and International Relations
- UCD School of Psychology
- UCD School of Social Policy, Social Work and Social Justice
- UCD School of Sociology
- UCD College of Science
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science
- UCD School of Chemistry
- UCD School of Computer Science
- UCD School of Earth Sciences
- UCD School of Mathematics and Statistics
- UCD School of Physics
UCD Horizons[edit]
At the beginning of the 2005/2006 academic year, UCD introduced the Horizons curriculum,[22] which completely semesterised and modularised all undergraduate programmes enhancing the quality and flexibility of the standard university education. Under the Horizons curriculum, new undergraduate students have greater choice in what exactly they study in their programme. Under the new curriculum, students choose ten core modules from their specific subject area and two other modules, which can be chosen from any other programme across the entire University (this applies in the majority of programmes, however some exceptions, as in Arts Omnibus and Business & Law, can apply). For example, a student studying Stage 1 Commerce as his primary degree programme can also choose one module (or two) from the Stage 1 Law programme (subject to space availability, timetable constraints and so on).
Reputation[edit]
Patrons and benefactors[edit]
The initial patrons and benefactors of UCD were the Catholic Church.
Undergraduate fees are funded in part by the Irish State (for EU citizens) and by students themselves.
Amongst the most recent patrons include actor Gregory Peck who was a founding patron of the School of Film. Other benefactors include Lochlann Quinn (UCD Quinn School of Business), Michael Smurfit (Michael Smurfit Graduate Business School), Peter Sutherland (Sutherland School of Law), Tony O'Reilly (O'Reilly Hall) and Denis O'Brien (O'Brien Science Centre)
Alumni[edit]
|
Former presidents of Ireland[edit]
- Douglas Hyde (faculty)
Former Taoisigh (Prime Ministers) of Ireland[edit]
Contemporary politicians and current members of Cabinet[edit]
International affairs[edit]
In International affairs UCD’s alumni include:
- Anne Anderson, first female Ambassador of Ireland to the USA, UN, EU, France and Monaco
- Catherine Day, former Secretary-General of the European Commission, the first woman to hold the position
- Dermot Gallagher, Secretary-General of the Department of Foreign Affairs, and Ambassador of Ireland to the USA
- Mahon Hayes, lawyer, diplomat and the only Irish person to serve on the International Law Commission
- Seán MacBride, one of the founders of Amnesty International and recipient of the 1974 Nobel Peace Prize.
- Peter Sutherland, one of the major negotiators in the foundation of the World Trade Organization, and its first Director-General
- V. V. Giri the fourth President of India
- Ryan Crocker, a Career Ambassador within the United States Foreign Service, recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
- Professor James Dooge (alumnus and faculty), chairman of the 'Dooge Report' which led to the Single European Act and the Treaty of Maastricht
Seven of Ireland's former European Commissioners are alumni.
Irish revolutionaries Patrick Pearse and Thomas MacDonagh, two of the leaders of the Easter Rising and signatories of Proclamation of the Irish Republic were, respectively, a student and member of faculty at the University. As well as former President, Douglas Hyde and Pádraig Pearse, UCD Professor Eoin MacNeill had a key role in the Gaelic revival in Ireland.
Since the foundation of the Irish state in 1922, UCD has produced the most Justices of the Supreme Court of Ireland, the most Chief Justices and the most Attorneys General of Ireland. Alumni Síofra O’Leary is Judge at the European Court of Human Rights and three of the six current Justices of the Supreme Court are UCD alumni.
In 2010, UCD medicine graduate and cardiothoracic surgeon Prof. Eilis McGovern was elected 168th President of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and thereby became the first female President of any surgical Royal College in the world.
Writers and Artists[edit]
- James Joyce the author of Ulysses
- Gerard Manley Hopkins (faculty)
- Flann O'Brien (At Swim-Two-Birds)
- Emma Donoghue (Room)
- Colm Tóibín (The Master)
- Roddy Doyle (Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha)
- Neil Jordan, Oscar winner, (The Crying Game)
- Jim Sheridan (My Left Foot)
Dee Forbes, Director General RTE and Miriam O’Callaghan, presenter of RTÉ’s leading current affairs show, Prime Time, are alumni, as are comedians Dermot Morgan (1952-1998) and Dara Ó Briain who were major figures in the University's debating scene for many years.
Sport[edit]
UCD has produced a number of well known athletes, mainly in the popular Irish field sports of Gaelic games and rugby union. Many played within the University's club sides such as Brian O'Driscoll who played for University College Dublin R.F.C.. The Club has produced numerous British and Irish Lions including O'Driscoll, with several others attending as students. Notable GAA athletes include Rena Buckley, one of the most decorated players in GAA history, having won a total of 17 All-Ireland senior medals; Seán Murphy, a medical school graduate and member of the Gaelic Football Team of the Millennium; and Nicky Rackard, included in the Hurling Team of the Century. Kevin Moran, formerly a Gaelic football but also a soccer player for Manchester United, graduated with a Bachelor of Commerce in 1976.
Business[edit]
Alumni involved in business include:
- David J. O'Reilly, formerly CEO and Chairman of the Chevron Corporation
- Lucy Gaffney, Chairperson of Communicorp Group Limited
- Niall FitzGerald, former CEO and Chairman of Unilever
- Pearse Lyons (1944-2018), founder and President of Alltech
- Tony O'Reilly, who previously served as the CEO of H. J. Heinz Company as well as owning Independent News & Media
- Denis O'Brien, founder of Digicel
- Andrew Mulvey-Mescall former CEO of Tesco
Amongst the number of humanitarians to attend are John O'Shea founder of GOAL and Tom Arnold the CEO of Concern Worldwide. Former religious figures include Cardinals Tomás Ó Fiaich and Desmond Connell as well as the founding rector Cardinal Newman.
Former faculty include Dennis Jennings of the School of Computing, considered to be an Internet pioneer for his leadership of NSFNET, the network that became the Internet backbone. Other notable faculty include Patrick Lynch, logician and philosopher Jan Łukasiewicz, and Professor of Science and Society James Heckman who won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2000.
Rankings[edit]
University rankings | |
---|---|
Global | |
ARWU World[23] | 301-400 |
THE World[25] | 201-250 |
QS World[24] | 193 |
UCD is consistently ranked as one of the best in Europe on worldwide metrics.
As of 2019, it was ranked by the QS World University Rankings as 193rd in the world.[26]The Times Higher Education World University Rankings placed UCD in the range of 201-250 in 2018.[25]
- QS Subject Ranking: Veterinary Science, 2018
- 24th globally, 24th in Europe, 1st in Ireland.[27]
The Michael Smurfit Graduate Business School of UCD is rated regularly as being among the 100 best schools for Business or Economics worldwide.
- Financial Times Global MBA Ranking 2015.
- 73rd globally.[28]
- Financial Times European Business School Rankings 2014.
- 35th in Europe.[29]
- The Economist (Full-time MBA ranking) 2014.
- 63rd globally.[30]
Awards[edit]
- The Sunday Times University of the Year 2006.[31]
Research and innovation[edit]
UCD is a leading research centre within Ireland with a research income of €114.1 million during 2013/14.[32] UCDs research community of approximately 1,150 academic staff, 630 research funded staff, and 1640 PhD students work in the various schools and research institutes of the University.
Research Institutes[edit]
Amongst the research institutes of the university are:
- UCD Earth Institute[33]
External collaborations[edit]
Wide partnerships in which UCD is involved include:
- Adaptive Information Cluster (with DCU)
- Centre for Innovation and Structural Change (with NUI Galway and DCU)
- Centre for research on adaptive nanostructures and nanodevices (with TCD and UCC)
- CTVR Centre for Telecommunications Value-Chain-Driven Research (with DCU, TCD, NUI Maynooth, UCC, UL, DIT and Sligo IT).
- National Digital Research Centre (with Dublin City University and Trinity College, Dublin).
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (with Dublin City University, Trinity College, Dublin and Sligo IT).
- Programme for Research on Grid-enabled Computational Physics of Natural Phenomena (with DCU, TCD, UCCDIAS, NUI Galway, HEAnet, Met Éireann, Armagh Observatory and Grid Ireland).
- Advanced Biomimetic Materials for Solar Energy Conversion with the University of Limerick, Dublin City University, Airtricity, OBD-Tec and Celtic Catalysts.
Current and former campus companies[edit]
The most prominent UCD-related company is the IE Domain Registry; many UCD academics continue to sit on the board of directors. UCD originally gained control of the .ie domain in the late 1980s.
There are a number of related companies, many concentrated as the NovaUCD initiative, to commercialise research results and opportunities; many of these reflect the university's expertise in the life sciences and information technology. These companies include:
- Duolog[34]
Satellite development[edit]
![College College](https://www.architecturalrecord.com/ext/resources/news/2018/06-June/Dublin/University-College-Dublin-01.jpg)
The Educational Irish Research Satellite 1 or EIRSAT-1 is a 2U CubeSat under development at UCD and will be Ireland's first satellite.
Student life[edit]
Students' Union[edit]
The students' union in the college has been an active part of campaigns run by the National Union, USI, and has played a highly significant role in the life of the college since its foundation in 1974.
The Union has also taken significant stances on issues of human rights that have hit the headlines in Ireland and around the world, particularly in becoming the first institution in the world to implement a ban of Coca-Cola products in Student Union controlled shops on the basis of alleged human and trade union rights abuses in Colombia. This ban was overturned in 2010.[35]
The Union's main Governing Body is the Union Council which meets every two weeks during term. Council membership consists of 180+ seats for Class Representatives, ten directly elected officers of the Union Executive and five Executive officers elected by Union Council at its first meeting each year. Their term commences on 1 July in the year of their election and lasts for twelve months. Sabbatical elections take place in late February of each year. To date, students from Arts, Science and Law have predominated in holding council seats.
From 2013, there is a new bar on campus in the Student Union building and near the gym. There is also a faculty bar in Newman building called the UCD Common Room Club. Established in the early 1970s, it is now threatened with closure by the current President and has led to a proposed boycott of the new University Club.[36]
Sport[edit]
UCD has over 60 sports clubs based on campus with 28 sports scholarships awarded annually.
UCD competes in the most popular Irish field sports of Gaelic Games, Hurling, Soccer and Rugby Union. UCD is the only Irish University to compete in both the major Irish leagues for rugby and soccer with University College Dublin A.F.C. and University College Dublin R.F.C. competing in the top leagues of their respective competitions. UCD GAA have won the most Sigerson Cup (Gaelic Football) whilst they have the second most Fitzgibbon Cup (hurling) wins, both the major University competitions in the sports in Ireland.
UCD sport annually compete in the Colours Match with Trinity College Dublin in a range of sports, most notably in rugby. The rugby side has won 35 of the 57 contests. UCD RFC has produced 13 British and Irish Lions as well 70 Irish Rugby International and 5 for other nations.
In 1985, UCD drew with Everton F.C. in the 1st round of the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, which Everton went on to win.
Other notable team sports in the college basketball side, UCD Marian, victors in the 2012 Irish Basketball Superleague.
The Belfield campus is home to a wide range of sports facilities. Facilities include the National Hockey stadium (which has previously hosted the Women's Hockey World Cup Finals and the Men's Hockey European Championship Finals) and UCD Bowl a 3,000 capacity stadium used for rugby and soccer. UCD has one of the largest fitness centres in the country, squash courts, tennis courts, an indoor rifle range, over twenty sports pitches (for rugby, soccer and Gaelic games), an indoor climbing wall and two large sports halls. The Sporscenter was added to in 2012 with the competition of an Olympic-size swimming pool, a tepidarium and a revamped fitness center as part of the re-development of the UCD Student Centre.
UCD hosted the IFIUSWorld Interuniversity Games in October 2006.
Leinster Rugby[edit]
Leinster Rugby's headquarters and training facility are located on campus, housing the Academy, Senior Squad and Administrative arms of the rugby club. Their facilities include an office block and a high performance facility, located next to the Institute of Sport and Health (ISH). They also use UCD's pitches. It was completed in 2012 at a cost of 2.5 million euro.
Societies[edit]
UCD has currently more than sixty student societies. They cater for many interests ranging from large-scale party societies such as Ag Soc, Arts Soc, Commerce and Economics Society, ISS (and its subgroup AfricaSoc), INDSoc(Indian Society) and MSoc(Malaysian Society) who have the largest student communities of Indian and Malaysian students in Ireland. There are also religiously-interested groups such as the Christian Union, the Islamic Society, the Atheist and Secular Society, a television station Campus Television Network, academic-oriented societies like the Economic Society, UCD Philosophy Society, Mathsoc, Classical Society, and An Cumann Gaelach, an Irish-language society and such charities as St. Vincent de Paul, UCDSVP. There are two main societies for international students, ESN UCD (part of the Erasmus Student Network) and the International Student's Society.
Many UCD societies engage in voluntary work on-campus and across Dublin. For example, the UCD Student Legal Service is a student-run society that provides free legal information clinics to the students of UCD.[37]
Irish political parties are represented on campus including Ógra Fianna Fáil, Young Fine Gael, and UCD Labour Youth. The college has two debating unions.
The oldest societies are the Literary and Historical Society, which is currently in its 160th session, An Cumann Gaelach who are entering their 110th session, the Commerce & Economics Society who are entering their 105th session and the Law Society which was founded in 1911. The L&H and Law Society are the major debating societies of the college and two of the leading ones in Ireland. Ireland's most prestigious competition, the Irish Times Debate the L&H has 11 team wins and 12 individual ones with the Law Society achieving 2 team wins and 2 individual wins respectively. The two societies have also been successful further afield at the UK and Ireland John Smith Memorial Mace (formerly The Observer Mace) with the L&H winning 5 titles and Lawsoc 2 titles. UCD has hosted the World University Debating Championships twice, most recently in 2006. At the start of the 12/13 Academic Year, the Literary and Historical Society achieved a membership of 5143 becoming the largest student society in UCD and in Europe.[38] The UCD Dramsoc is the university drama society, it is noted for an active membership and a number of notable alumni. The university also has a successful sinfonia called University College Dublin Symphony Orchestra.
Student publications and media[edit]
Newspapers[edit]
UCD has two student newspapers currently published on campus, the broadsheet University Observer and the tabloid College Tribune
The University Observer[edit]
The University Observer won the Newspaper of the Year award at the National Student Media Awards in April 2006, an accolade it has achieved many times, most recently in April 2014. Founded in 1994, its first editors were Pat Leahy and comedian Dara Ó Briain. Many figures in Irish journalism have held the position of editor including The Irish Times duty editor Roddy O'Sullivan and political editor Pat Leahy, AFP business reporter Enda Curran, The Irish Examiner political editor Daniel McConnell, RTÉ News reporter Samantha Libreri; Today FM political correspondent Gavan Reilly; and TV researcher Alan Torney. The efforts of its staff were noted by the prestigious Guardian Student Media Awards with a nomination for 'Best Newspaper', the first Irish student publication to receive such recognition. In 2001, in addition to several Irish National Student Media Awards, the University Observer under McConnell and Curran took the runner up prize for 'Best Publication' at the Guardian Student Media Awards in London. To date, The University Observer has won 29 Irish Student Media Awards.
The main sections within the paper are: campus, national and international news, comment, opinion and sport. In addition, each edition includes a pullout arts and culture supplement called O-Two, with music interviews, travel, fashion and colour pieces. The University Observer is funded by the UCD Students' Union, but its content in theory remains editorially independent, barring one 'Union Page' per issue.
College Tribune[edit]
The College Tribune was founded in 1989, with the assistance of noted political commentator Vincent Browne. Then an evening student at UCD, Browne noted the lack of an independent media outlet for students and staff and set about rectifying this with the establishment of a student newspaper. The paper was initially established with links to the Sunday Tribune, though over time these links faded and ultimately, the Tribune would long outlast its national counterpart. The paper has since its inception supported itself financially through commercial advertising in its print edition. Operating under such a model theoretically allows the paper and its staff to maintain genuine editorial independence from both university authorities and the Students' Union. The Tribune has been recognised on a number of occasions at the national student media awards, particularly in sports writing, of which the paper maintains a strong tradition. In addition to winning Student Newspaper of the Year at the 1996 USI & Irish Independent Media Awards, then editor Conor Lally was also awarded Student Journalist of the Year. 2003 saw Tribune stalwart Peter Lahiff win Diversity Writer of the Year at the Guardian Student Media Awards, to-date the only Irish based recipient of a Guardian award.
College Tribune sections include news, sport, features, arts, film and entertainment, music, fashion, business, and politics & innovation. These are contained in both the paper proper, and its arts culture supplement The Trib. The paper is also noted among students for the launch of The Evil Gerald, a satirical 'paper within a paper'.
Radio and television[edit]
UCD also has a student radio station, Belfield FM, broadcasting throughout the academic year online on the station's website. The station is independently run by the UCD Broadcasting Society and has produced well known Irish radio presenters such as Ryan Tubridy and Rick O'Shea (of RTÉ fame) and Barry Dunne of 98FM.Belfield FM is the successor to UCD FM, which was operated within the entertainment office of the students' union as a service for students. Initially launched in 1992, the station rebranded in 2000 and has operated since then under the current name. As a result of the implementation of the students' union's new constitution at the beginning of the 2012 / 2013 academic year, the station now operates as a student society.[39]
Historical newspapers[edit]
- The Student
- University Gazette
- Confrontation
- Campus
- UCD News
- Student Voice
- Gobshout
- Catholic University News and Times
- Hibernia
- Comhthrom Feinne
- Comhar
UCD scarf colours[edit]
In later years students have been given a scarf of St Patrick’s blue, navy and saffron at the President's Welcome Ceremony when they are officially welcomed. These colours have replaced 'Faculty' colours and are now worn at graduation also.[40]
UCD |
---|
UCD, Colours | ||
---|---|---|
Sailing and Swimming Clubs | Rugby Club | Boat Club |
Agricultural Science | Arts | Chemical Engineering |
Civil and Environmental Engineering | Commerce | Electronic, Electrical, or Mechanical Engineering |
Law | Medicine | Radiography |
Science | Social Science | Veterinary Medicine |
Presidents of UCD[edit]
- Denis Coffey, Dean of Medicine (1910–1940)
- Arthur W. Conway, (1940–1947)
- Michael Tierney (1947–1964)
- Jerimiah Hogan, (1964–1972)
- Thomas Murphy, (1972–1985)
- Patrick Masterson, (1986–1993)
- Art Cosgrove, (1994–2003)
- Hugh R. Brady, (2004 - 2013)
- Andrew J. Deeks, (2014 - )
UCD in popular culture[edit]
In literature[edit]
James Joyce’s novel A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is partially set in UCD (when it was sited on Earlsfort Terrace) where Stephen Dedalus (now the name of the IT building) is enrolled as a student. Joyce's posthumously-published autobiographical novel Stephen Hero contains stories of his time in UCD. Flann O'Brien’s novel At Swim-Two-Birds features a UCD student who writes a meta-novel wherein the author is put on trial by the characters of his novel. Maeve Binchy's novel, Circle of Friends, deals with three female friends starting college in UCD in the 1950s. However, shots of Trinity College were used in the 1995 film. The second Ross O'Carroll-Kelly novel, The Teenage Dirtbag Years, follows Ross as he enters UCD.
In music[edit]
Christy Moore wrote a tongue in cheek song about UCD's Literary and Historical Society called 'The Auditor of the L and H'. Johnny Jurex & The Punk Pistols, predecessors to Rocky De Valera & The Gravediggers had a song called 'Anarchy in Belfield' which they played at their only gig during Rag Week in 1976.[41]
In film and television[edit]
Conor McPherson's third film Saltwater was filmed in Belfield, UCD. In Boston Legal, Season 2, Episode 21 'Word Salad Day', there is a reference to a study from UCD that 'found that the effects of divorce on children are far more damaging than the death of a parent'.[42]
See also[edit]
Notes and references[edit]
![University College Dublin University College Dublin](https://www.educationinireland.com/images_upload/EiI/en/Where-can-I-study-/View-all-Universities-Colleges/UCD_2017.jpg)
- ^ abcde'University College Dublin - official website'. ucd.ie.
- ^ ab'About UCD'. Ucd.ie. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^'History of the NUI'. Nui.ie. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^'QS World University Rankings'. 2019.
- ^'UCD contributes €1.3 Billion annually to Irish economy, report shows'. Ucd.ie. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^'Top Universities Worldwide'. Topuniversities.com. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
- ^'Nobel Prize Winners'. Ucd.ie. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ^'UNIVERSITY CHURCH - HOME'. Universitychurch.ie. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^'Resource Library'. Centenaries.ucd.ie. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^'The development of the Ballymun housing scheme, Dublin, 1965-1969, Sinéad Power, Department of Geography, University of Edinburgh'(PDF). Ucd.ie. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
- ^'A&D Wejchert & Partners Architects'. Wejchart.ie. Archived from the original on 4 July 2015. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^'The UCD Watertower, Belfield. co.Dublin – 1972'. Curious Ireland. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^'UCD Water Tower - Water Tower - UCD'. Dublinks.com. Archived from the original on 13 April 2015. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^'UCD Campus Development'. Ucd.ie. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^'Ireland'. Books.google.ie. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^'UCD Athletics Club demand apology for closure of the running track'. Universityobserver.ie. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
- ^'UCD O'Brien Centre for Science is quantum leap in scientific infrastructure'. Ucd.ie. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^'UCD opens global centre in US'. Ucd.ie. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^'UCD Colleges and Schools - Welcome to the UCD Colleges and Schools web page'. Ucd.ie. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^'UCD Institutes and Centres'. Ucd.ie. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^'University College Dublin - Colleges and Schools'. Ucd.ie. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
- ^'UCD'. Ucd.ie. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^'ARWU World University Rankings 2017 - Academic Ranking of World Universities 2017 - Top 500 universities - Shanghai Ranking - 2017'. Shanghairanking.com. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
- ^'University College Dublin'. Top Universities. 16 July 2015. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
- ^ ab'University College Dublin'. Times Higher Education (THE). 25 March 2019. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
- ^'QS World University Rankings 2019'. QS World University Rankings. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
- ^'Veterinary Science'. Top Universities. 22 February 2018. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
- ^'Business school rankings from the Financial Times - FT.com'. Rankings.ft.com. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^'Business school rankings from the Financial Times - FT.com'. Rankings.ft.com. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^'University College Dublin – Michael Smurfit Graduate School of Business'. Economist.com. 11 September 2015. Retrieved 29 March 2019 – via The Economist.
- ^'Sunday Times'(PDF). Ucd.ie. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
- ^'UCD Report of the President 2013-14'(PDF). Ucd.ie. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
- ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 2015-06-22. Retrieved 2015-06-22.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
- ^'IP Tooling'. Duolog.com. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^'UCD students overturn Coke ban as Lynam wins Students' Union presidency'. University Observer. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^Donnelly, Brían. 'Closure of Common Room 'inevitable' and will not be reversed, says Deeks'. Universityobserver.ie. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
- ^'UCD SLS - UCD Student Societies - UCD Dublin'. UCD Societies. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^'Societies set record numbers'. University Observer. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^'Belfield FM's removal from SU would be 'a large step backwards''. University Observer. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^'New hoods and robes for UCD graduations'. Ucd.ie. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^'Irish Rock Discography: Johnny Jurex & The Punk Pistols'. Irishrock.org. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^'Boston Legal Word Salad Day Season 2, Episode 21 : Written by David E. Kelley'(PDF). Boston-legal.org. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
- ^'Business school rankings from the Financial Times - FT.com'. Rankings.ft.com. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to University College Dublin. |
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for University College Dublin. |
- The Library of University College Dublin at Google Cultural Institute
- UCD Ephemera Collection: a collection of ephemera primarily associated with the history and development of UCD. A UCD Digital Library Collection.
Coordinates: 53°18′30″N6°13′20″W / 53.30833°N 6.22222°W
Coat of arms | |
Latin: Universitas Dublinensis[1] | |
Type | Public |
---|---|
Established | 1592 |
Endowment | €144 million (2013)[2] |
Budget | €268 million (2013)[3] |
Chancellor | Mary Robinson |
777 (2014)[4] | |
Administrative staff | 2,097, of which 606 research staff (2014)[4] |
Students | 16,729 (2014) |
Undergraduates | 12,420 (2014)[5] |
Postgraduates | 4,309 (2014)[5] |
Location | , Ireland 53°20′40″N06°15′28″W / 53.34444°N 6.25778°WCoordinates: 53°20′40″N06°15′28″W / 53.34444°N 6.25778°W |
Campus | Urban 468,000 square metres (46.8 ha) (incl. satellite sites)[6] |
Colours | Trinity Pink[7] |
Affiliations | Coimbra Group EUA IUA UI LERU AMBA CLUSTER[8] |
Website | www.tcd.ie |
The University of Dublin (Irish: Ollscoil Átha Cliath), corporately designated the Chancellor, Doctors and Masters of the University of Dublin, is a university located in Dublin, Ireland. It is the degree awarding body for Trinity College Dublin. It was founded in 1592 when Queen Elizabeth I issued a charter for Trinity College as 'the mother of a university', thereby making it Ireland's oldest operating university.[Note 1] It was modelled after the collegiate universities of Oxford and of Cambridge, but unlike these other ancient universities, only one college was established; as such, the designations 'Trinity College' and 'University of Dublin' are usually synonymous for practical purposes.
The University of Dublin is one of the seven ancient universities of Britain and Ireland. It is a member of the Irish Universities Association, Universities Ireland, and the Coimbra Group.
- 2Organisation
- 3Degrees
History[edit]
The University of Dublin was modelled on the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge as a collegiate university, Trinity College being named by the Queen as the mater universitatis ('mother of the university'). The founding Charter also conferred a general power on the College to make provision for university functions to be carried out. So, for example, the Charter while naming the first Provost of the College, the first fellows ('in place of many') and the first scholars, in addition named William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley to be the first Chancellor of the University. No other college has ever been established, and Trinity remains the sole constituent college of the university. The project of establishing another college within the University was seriously considered on at least two occasions, but the required finance or endowment was never available.
The most recent authoritative statement of the position is in the Universities Act, 1997. In the section relating to interpretation it specifies that:-
'3.—(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires--
'Trinity College” means the College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth near Dublin established by charter dated the 3rd day of March, 1592, and shall be held to include the University of Dublin save where the context otherwise requires in accordance with the charters and letters patent relating to Trinity College;'
and then further stipulates:
“the University of Dublin” means the university established by the charters and letters patent incorporating Trinity College and which said university is further provided for by the letters patent of the 24th day of July 1857;'
Queen Victoria issued the letters patent in 1857 giving formal legal foundation to the senate, and other authorities specific to the university. Subsequently, in a remarkable High Court case of 1898, the Provost, Fellows and Scholars of Trinity were the claimants and the Chancellor, Doctors and Masters of the University of Dublin were among the defendants, and the court held that Trinity College and the University of Dublin 'are one body'.[9] The judge noted pointedly (referring to the then recent founding of University College Dublin) that '[t]he advisers of Queen Victoria knew how to incorporate a University when they meant to do so'[9] and that the letters patent dealt with 'not the incorporation of the University of Dublin but of its Senate merely'.
Notwithstanding, the statutes of the university and the college[10] grant the university separate corporate legal rights to own property, borrow money, employ staff, and also enable it to sue and be sued as occurred in the case referred to above. To date the other rights have not been exercised. Current Officers of the University are either unpaid and purely honorary (Chancellor, Pro-Chancellor), or have duties relating to the college also, for which they are paid, but by the College (The Proctors, The Registrar, the Mace bearer).
Some of the legal definitions and differences between college and university were discussed in the reform of theUniversity and College in The Charters and Letters Patent Amendment Bill,[11][12][13][14][15] which later became law, but many of the College contributions to this were unclear or not comprehensive, possibly because it concerned an internal dispute within College as to outside interference and also as misconduct by College Authorities in overseeing voting which led to a visitors enquiry which in turn found problems with the voting procedures and ordered a repeat ballot. Further contributions on the relationship between College and University can be found in submissions to the Oireachtas on reform of Seanad Éireann, the upper house of the Irish Oireachtas, since the University elects members to that body),[16][17][18][19][20][21] and in particular the verbal submission of the Provost.[22]
Traditionally, sport clubs also use the name 'University', rather than 'College'.
Organisation[edit]
The university is governed by the university senate, chaired by the chancellor or their pro-chancellor. While the Senate was formally constituted by the Letters Patent of 1857 as a body corporate under the name, style, and title of 'The Chancellor, Doctors, and Masters of the University of Dublin', it had existed since soon after the foundation of Trinity College being brought into being by the enabling powers contained in the founding Charter. Consequently, the Letters Patent had the effect of converting a preexisting non-incorporated body relying on custom, practice and precedent to establish its authority into a corporate body clearly, and explicitly established in law. The Letters Patent empowered the university senate by stating:-
'It shall be and shall continue to be a body corporate with a common seal, and shall have power under the said seal to do all such acts as may be lawful for it to do in conformity with the laws and statutes of the State and with the Charters and Statutes of the College.'
The Letters Patent also defined the composition of the Senate:-
' It shall consist of the Chancellor, the Pro-Chancellors, and such Doctors and Masters of the University as shall be members of the Senate in accordance with such regulations and conditions as the Board shall enact.' Consequently, the Senate does not determine its own composition. As the 'Board' is the governing authority of Trinity College, and moreover no business may be put before the Senate save on the proposal of the Board, it would seem the University has some degree of subsidiarity to the Board of the College. However this is countered by the role of the Visitors.
Each meeting of the Senate is headed by a 'Caput', consisting of the Chancellor, the Provost of Trinity College and the Senior Master Non-Regent. The practical significance of the Caput is that no meeting of the Senate may be convened with out it, and each member of the Caput has an individual veto on all decisions of the Senate. In attendance also are, usually, the Registrar (who is responsible for legal and administrative matters) and the Junior and Senior Proctors (who present undergraduate and postgraduate candidates for degree commencement ceremonies). There is also a mace holder, the Chief Steward (responsible for College Security) or his deputy, who proceeds the Caput in a procession. (Attendees stand while the procession progresses to the head of the room). Meetings of the Senate are of two kinds. Meetings to confer degrees, which, according to ancient usage, are known in the University as 'Public Commencements' and are the most numerous and business meetings (usually one a year) which are concerned with university business other than degree conferring.
In each academic year, the Senate holds not less than four Stated Meetings for the Conferring of Degrees; of these Meetings, two are held in Michaelmas Term, and two in Trinity Term. The proceedings of these meetings, conducted in a highly formal and scripted manner, are carried out in Latin. The meeting is held in public and can be attended by persons who are not members of the Senate, mostly relatives of people about to receive degrees, although, of course, only members of the Senate, wearing the correct academic dress participate in the formal business, and actually vote, save that general applause is encouraged when relevant. Although voting takes place at these meetings, discussion does not. Voting takes place to elect a Senior Master Non Regent, or on whether degrees should be conferred on named candidates. As the lists of persons to receive degrees are voted on en bloc, and as the lists require the prior approval of the Board, which itself receives the names of candidates as agreed by boards of examiners, it can be seen that the vote is purely formal, as it is difficult to see any practical circumstances in which it would be legitimate for a member of the Senate to attend a commencements and register an objection. Honorary Degrees, while being conferred at a commencements are not even formally voted on there. Voting on a candidate for an honorary degree takes place earlier, at the previous business meeting of the Senate, so if any objection to a proposed Honorary Degree award is to be made, it must be made then. It follows that there is no opportunity at the Public Commencements to object to an Honorary Degree.
At the first Public Commencements of the academic year the Senior Master Non-Regent is elected on the proposition of the Chancellor and the Provost. The Senate votes on the name put forward by a voice vote, in Latin. The Senior Master Non Regent is elected for a one-year term, but may be re elected. (A Master of Arts is called a Regent during the three years following the time when he or she took that degree; subsequently he or she is designated as Non-Regent, and one elected by the Senate from among the Masters Non-Regent, by statute, is, according to ancient usage, designated as 'Senior Master Non-Regent'.) The Senior and Junior Proctors and the Registrar also make the declaration which is appropriate to their respective offices at that meeting. These officers although officers of the University are appointed by the Board of the College, one of a number of examples of the line being blurred between University and College, due to history of the arrangement. In the same way, the Senior Master Non-Regent, although they could be any non-regent Master of the University, is usually the most senior fellow of the College, who does not otherwise hold any College office. Further the Provost while primarily the Head of the College, holds a University office as one of the three caput members. As this gives the Provost a veto on all University business this underlines the significance of that office.
These ceremonies are usually conducted in the Public Theatre in Parliament Square of Trinity College. As business is conducted in Latin the Chief Steward verbally asks for candidates to be put under scrutiny by saying 'ad scrutinum', with the Doctors and Masters of the Senate present then asked in turn as distinct groups to consent to the degree being awarded to the candidate. (if they consent they say 'Placet', if they do not consent they say 'non-placet')
The Senate also holds a Stated Meeting in Hilary Term for the purpose of transacting business of the Senate other than the conferring of degrees. This meeting is conducted in English. Examples of such business are elections, approving amendments to University Statutes, approving the introduction of new Degrees, and agreeing to confer an Honorary Degree on a specified individual. The actual conferment of such a degree, when agreed takes place at a later public commencements. Both discussion and voting takes place at these meetings, and propositions can be defeated, albeit, in practice, rarely. No business may be put before the meeting save with the consent of the Board. Extra business meetings may be held if required. Business meetings are held in private.
Under statutes the University Senate elects two members to the University Council.[10] The University Council is in effect part of the College, and not of the University. It is chaired by the Provost, has the Senior Lecturer of the College as secretary, and governs academic matters. All decisions of the University Council require the approval of the Board, but in general any decision of the Council that does not require additional financial expenditure is agreed, often without discussion. The Senate also elects members to the Library Committee which oversees the Trinity College Library.
The Visitors are also dealt with in Statutes. They consist of the Chancellor of the University and one other person, usually, in modern times, a member of the Judiciary, and whose appointment requires the approval of the Senate. (So, in effect, both Visitors are University, not College appointments.) They are a final appeal should anyone contest a decision of the Board or a procedure within College which has been appealed through Departmental School, Faculty, Council, and Board levels and is still contested. The visitors can therefore overturn a decision of the Board. Given the Chancellor of the University is one of two visitors and has the overall authority in difference of opinion between both visitors, it would seem the Board of the College has also some degree of subsidiarity to the University.
It would be fair to say that the practical influence of the Senate has tended to diminish, as at one time it was the only formally constituted forum at which staff of the college, in particular those who were not Fellows, could have an input into the governance of the College and University. With the addition of elected representatives to the Board, and the Constitution of the Council, which was largely elected from the start, issues which might once have been the subject of heated debate at a business meeting of the Senate are now decided elsewhere, with controversy mostly exhausted by the time an issue gets to the Senate for final determination. Consequently, the real importance of the Senate is as a mechanism to ensure that the other bodies carry out their functions properly lest they be queried at a Senate meeting.
Current officers[edit]
Mary Robinson is the current Chancellor of the University, its titular head, and there are six pro-Chancellors, who can act in her place. In March 2015, they were Professor Dermot F McAleese, Professor John Scattergood, Mary Henry, Edward McParland, Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell and Sir Donnell Deeny. The Chancellor and pro-Chancellors are elected by the Senate. This is a function carried out without the intervention of the Board, and so is entirely a university matter. This was not always the case, as the founding Charter of Queen Elizabeth I specified that successors to the first Chancellor were to be elected by the Fellows, then when, later, the Board of the College was established this power of election passed to it. The letters patent of Victoria as part of incorporating the Senate transferred the right of election to the Senate. The actual election procedures are set out in the University statutes. The current process is that when a vacancy for Chancellor or Pro Chancellor occurs notice of this is sent by post to all members of the Senate who are invited to nominate candidates. In the event of a contest a secret ballot of Senators is held at a special convened meeting of the Senate.
Senate composition[edit]
The undermentioned persons are members of the Senate, provided that in each casethey are Doctors or Masters of the University:
- Resident Doctors or Masters of the University, that is, Doctors or Masters who are not members of the College or University staff but who hold rooms in College or are in attendance on lectures in arts or in the professional schools.
- Doctors and Masters of the University who have held a Studentship of the University, or are Moderators who have been awarded a large gold medal, or Moderators who have received a gold medal in or after 1935, or Moderators who have received two Moderatorships of a class higher than class III, and who have applied to the Registrar of the Senate for membership of the Senate, without payment of fee.
- Former Fellows of the College.
- Representatives and former representatives of the University in Seanad Éireann.
- Members of the staff of the College or University, during their tenure of office.
- Doctors or Masters of the University who have applied to the Registrar of the Senate for membership of the Senate, and have paid a fee of (£5 in 1966 – €65 in 2012)
(It will be noted that although these rules make every holder of master's degree or a Doctorate eligible to be a member of the University Senate, they in practice facilitate a membership consisting largely of members of the staff of the College. Consequently, while the Senate in Dublin formally, or potentially resembles in composition the Senate at Cambridge, in practice it has a similar composition to the Regent House at Cambridge.)
Degrees[edit]
Graduates of liberal degrees, i.e. non-professional such as Humanities or Science, receive an honours Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Dublin after four years study in Trinity College, but may receive an ordinary B.A. after three years' study. Bachelors of at least three years' standing may proceed to the degree of Master of Arts. Graduates in professional subjects such as Medicine or Engineering, receive professional degrees, which were in the past postgraduate, consequently they have an ordinary BA conferred on them first, followed by the relevant professional degree (in the case of medicine, degrees). Usually they receive all their degrees at the same commencements, but they are technically eligible for the ordinary BA after three years study of Medicine or Engineering, as the case may be.
Apart from MA degrees awarded on the basis of standing, the University may also award an MA degree ad eundem gradum to holders of Oxford and Cambridge MAs. This is a reciprocal arrangement with Dublin University MA degree holders being entitled, in turn, to apply for an MA from Oxford or Cambridge respectively. This originates from a medieval system of accreditation or degree recognition and is a formal statement that the degree from the other University is recognised. Currently the three universities have agreed that this degree will only be conferred in special cases, usually when the applicant is a member of staff away from their 'Alma Mater' and require a Master's to participate fully in University governance.
Members of staff at Trinity College whose degrees are not from the University of Dublin, and do not qualify for an MA ad eundem gradum, may have the degree MA Jure Officii conferred. There are detailed rules for this, consisting of statutes proposed by the Board and agreed by the Senate at a business meeting, with entitlement to the MA being based on years of service. Consequently, all the staff of the College after serving a qualifying period, can expect to receive the degree and so be able to enjoy membership of the Senate. (The practical significance of this is that the tendency for the great majority of participants in Senate business meetings to be members of staff of the College is reinforced.)
Other persons, holding specified kinds of high office may qualify for a degree Jure Dignatatis, but the awards of such degrees are now very rare having essentially been superseded by the practice of awarding Honorary Degrees.
At a point when women were allowed to study at Oxford and Cambridge, and be examined, and have the results published, but not receive degrees from their universities, they were able to obtain the relevant degree from the University of Dublin using the ad eundem gradum provision. As they had to travel to Dublin for the purpose, but had no other contact with the University they were known as the steamboat ladies.From 1975 University of Dublin degrees were awarded to graduates at the colleges of the Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT); this practice continued until 1998 when DIT gained the ability to award degrees in its own right. These two cases are examples of degrees being awarded by the University of Dublin to persons who have undertaken study and examination at institutions other than Trinity College, and without having been in any sense students at Trinity College.
Admissions[edit]
The Central Applications Office processes applications from Irish, British and European Union applicants for undergraduate courses on behalf of the University of Dublin. However, as the sole constituent college of the university, all applications must be made to Trinity College, Dublin as no admissions office exists outside of the college's jurisdiction. Decisions on admissions to undergraduate courses are made by Trinity College who instruct the CAO to make offers to successful candidates. Admission to the university is highly competitive, and based exclusively on academic merit.[23] In order to be considered for admission, all applicants must first reach the university's minimal matriculation requirements, which typically involves holding sufficient recognised qualifications in English, Mathematics and a second language, however, the Mathematics requirement can be waived if Latin is presented as a second language. Furthermore, applicants for certain courses may be required to achieve more specific qualifications than those prescribed for minimum matriculation requirements.[24] Eligible applicants must then compete for places based on the results of their school leaving examinations, however, applicants can additionally take matriculation examinations[25] which are held in the university in April, in which each subject is considered equivalent to that of the Irish Leaving Certificate. Applications for restricted courses[26] require further assessment considered in the admissions process, such as the Health Professions Admissions Test (HPAT) for medicine or entrance tests for music and drama courses. As applications for most courses far exceeds available places, admission is highly selective, demanding excellent grades in the aforementioned examinations. Through the CAO, candidates may list several courses at Trinity College and at other third-level institutions in Ireland in order of preference. Places are awarded in mid-August every year by the CAO after matching the number of places available to the academic attainments of the applicants. Qualifications are measured as 'points', with specific scales for the Leaving Certificate, UK GCE A-level, the International Baccalaureate and all other European Union school leaving examinations.[27]
For applicants who are not citizens or residents of the European Union, different application procedures apply.;[28] 16% of students are from outside Ireland, and 40% of these are from outside the European Union.[citation needed] Disadvantaged, disabled, or mature students can also be admitted through a program that is separate from the CAO, the Trinity Access Programme,[29] which aims to facilitate the entry of sectors of society which would otherwise be under-represented. The numbers admitted on this program are significant relative to other universities, up to 15% of the annual undergraduate intake.
Admission to graduate study at the University is handled directly by Trinity College.
Parliamentary representation[edit]
The University has been represented since 1613 when James I granted it the right to elect two members of parliament (MPs) to the Irish House of Commons. When the Kingdoms of Ireland and Great Britain were joined with the Act of Union, which came into force in 1801, the University sent one MP to the British House of Commons at Westminster until 1832, when it was given another. It continued to elect two until the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922. The Government of Ireland Act 1920 provided for a House of Commons of Southern Ireland, for which the University was to elect four MPs. As in Westminster, where University representatives were MPs and not Lords, University of Dublin seats were in the Dáil and not the Seanad. These were the only MPs to attend the opening of the House in 1921 since Sinn Féin candidates in the twenty-six counties were returned unopposed and took the other 128 of the 132 seats.[30] Sinn Féin recognised their own Parliament determined by the Irish people as distinct to any continuation of British legislative rule under the British Government of Ireland Act. From 1923 to 1936, the University elected three TDs to sit in Dáil Éireann. Since the new Constitution of Ireland in 1937, the University has elected three Senators to Seanad Éireann.
The current representatives of the University are Ivana Bacik, David Norris and Lynn Ruane. Notable representatives have included Edward Gibson, W. E. H. Lecky, Edward Carson, Noel Browne, Conor Cruise O'Brien and Mary Robinson.
The franchise was originally restricted to the Provost, Fellows and Scholars of Trinity College. This was expanded in 1832 to include those who had received an M.A. and in 1918 to all those who had received a degree from the University.
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^An earlier attempt to set up a university at Dublin in 1320, under an 'ordance' issued by Alexander de Bicknor, archbishop of Dublin, authorizing four masters, proved abortive when Bicknor was disgraced as a partisan of Mortimer (May McKisack, The Fourteenth Century (Oxford History of England) 1959:45 note 2)
References[edit]
- ^See letter on p. 269
- ^Mathews, Ian (October 2013), 'Trinity Endowment'(PDF), Trinity Today, Dublin, p. 27, archived from the original(PDF) on 30 May 2014
- ^Annual Report 2012-2013(PDF), Trinity College, Dublin, p. 25, archived from the original(PDF) on 28 December 2014, retrieved 28 December 2014
- ^ ab'Staff Numbers – Trinity College Dublin'. Tcd.ie. 20 October 2014. Archived from the original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
- ^ ab'Student Numbers – Trinity College Dublin'. Tcd.ie. 20 October 2014. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
- ^'Development Control Plan Maps – Trinity College Dublin'(PDF).
- ^'Sporting Commons Press Release April 3rd 2012'(PDF). DUCAC.
- ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 6 May 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2012.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
- ^ abDublin: The High Court of Justice of Ireland, as published by Trinity College Dublin in Volume II of Chartae et Statuta Collegii Sacrosanctae et Individuae Trinitatis Reginae Elizabethae juxta Dublin, 1898, pages 507–536, in re The Provost, Fellows and Scholars of Trinity College, Dublin v. the Attorney General, the Chancellor, Doctors and Masters of the University of Dublin and the Trustees and Executors of the will of the late Richard Tuohill Reid, holding that Trinity College and the University of Dublin 'are one body.'
- ^ ab'The 2010 Consolidated Statutes of Trinity College Dublin and of the University of Dublin'. Retrieved 17 September 2016.
- ^'The Trinity College Dublin (Charters and Letters Patent Amendment) Bill, 1997'. Oireachtas.ie. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
- ^'The Trinity College Dublin (Charters and Letters Patent Amendment) Bill, 1997-Minutes of Evidence 06/06/1999 – Tithe an Oireachtais'(PDF). Oireachtas.ie. 13 November 2009. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
- ^'The Trinity College Dublin (Charters and Letters Patent Amendment) Bill, 1997-Minutes of Evidence 07/12/1999 – Tithe an Oireachtais'. Oireachtas.ie. 13 November 2009. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
- ^'The Trinity College Dublin (Charters and Letters Patent Amendment) Bill, 1997-Minutes of Evidence 15/02/2000 – Tithe an Oireachtais'(PDF). Oireachtas.ie. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
- ^'The Trinity College Dublin (Charters and Letters Patent Amendment) Bill, 1997-Minutes of Evidence 01/03/2000 – Tithe an Oireachtais'(PDF). Oireachtas.ie. 13 November 2009. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
- ^'m84359-Seanad reform rep'(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 5 January 2011. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
- ^'All Submissions Index and Appendix – Tithe an Oireachtais'. Oireachtas.ie. 13 November 2009. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
- ^'All Submissions Nominating Bodies – Tithe an Oireachtais'. Oireachtas.ie. 13 November 2009. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
- ^'All Submissions Educational Institutions – Tithe an Oireachtais'. Oireachtas.ie. 13 November 2009. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
- ^'All Submissions Public Representatives – Tithe an Oireachtais'. Oireachtas.ie. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
- ^'All Submissions Members of the Public – Tithe an Oireachtais'. Oireachtas.ie. 13 November 2009. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
- ^'Sub-committee on Seanad Reform – 18 September 2003. – Tithe an Oireachtais'. Oireachtas.ie. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
- ^Undergraduate Admissions. 'Admission Requirements'. Tcd.ie.
- ^Undergraduate Admissions (Email). 'Admission Requirements'(PDF). Tcd.ie.
- ^Undergraduate Admissions (Email). 'Matriculation Examination Syllabus'(PDF). Tcd.ie.
- ^Central Applications Office. 'Restricted-Application Courses'. cao.ie.
- ^Undergraduate Admissions (Email) (26 February 2010). 'A list of EU exams and conversion ratios'. Tcd.ie. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
- ^Topuniversities.comArchived 28 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ^'TCD.ie'. TCD.ie. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
- ^Office of the Houses of the Oireachtas – www.oireachtas.ie. 'The Houses of the Oireachtas: Dáil Éireann and Seanad Éireann – Historical Note'. Irlgov.ie. Retrieved 28 April 2010.